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翻译

司马光字君实，陕州夏县人。司马光7岁时，已经像成年一样（古代成年指弱冠，16岁，并非如今的18岁）特别喜欢听人讲《左氏春秋》，了解其大意后回来讲给家人听。

从此对《左氏春秋》爱不释手，甚至忘记饥渴和冷热。一群小孩子在庭院里面玩，一个小孩站在大缸（瓮指大缸）上面，失足跌落缸中被水淹没，其他的小孩子都跑掉了，司马光拿石头砸开了缸，水从而流出，小孩子得以活命。

原文

司马光字君实，陕州夏县人也。光生七岁，凛然如成人，闻讲《左氏春秋》，爱之，退为家人讲，即了其大指。自是手不释书，至不知饥渴寒暑。群儿戏于庭，一儿登瓮，足跌没水中，众皆弃去，光持石击瓮破之，水迸，儿得活。

出处

元末·阿鲁图《宋史》

扩展资料

一、背景

司马光出生于宋真宗天禧三年（公元1019年11月17日），当时，他的父亲司马池正担任光州光山县令，于是便给他取名 “光”。司马光家世代官宦，其父司马池后来官至兵部郎中、天章阁待制，一直以清廉仁厚享有盛誉。

司马光字君实，陕川夏县人。父亲名字叫司马池，任天章阁待制（宋代官名）司马光深受其父影响，自幼便聪敏好学。

据史书记载，司马光非常喜欢读《左传》，常常"手不释书，至不知饥渴寒暑"。七岁时，他便能够熟练地背诵《左传》，并且能把二百多年的历史梗概讲述得清清楚楚，可见他自幼便对历史怀有十分浓厚的兴趣。

二、作者简介

司马光（1019年11月17日－1086年10月11日），字君实，号迂叟。汉族。陕州夏县（今山西夏县）涑水乡人 ，世称涑水先生。北宋政治家、史学家、文学家。西晋安平献王司马孚之后。

宋仁宗宝元元年（1038年），司马光登进士第，累进龙图阁直学士。宋神宗时，因反对王安石变法，离开朝廷十五年，主持编纂了中国历史上第一部编年体通史《资治通鉴》。历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四朝，官至尚书左仆射兼门下侍郎。

卒赠太师、温国公，谥文正，为人温良谦恭、刚正不阿；做事用功刻苦、勤奋。以“日力不足，继之以夜”自诩，其人格堪称儒学教化下的典范，历来受人景仰。

司马光著述颇多。除了《资治通鉴》，还有《通鉴举要历》八十卷、《稽古录》二十卷、《本朝百官公卿表》六卷。

此外，他在文学、经学、哲学乃至医学方面都进行过钻研和著述，主要代表作有《翰林诗草》、《注古文学经》、《易说》、《注太玄经》、《注扬子》、《书仪》、《游山行记》、《续诗治》、《医问》、《涑水纪闻》、《类篇》、《司马文正公集》等。

司马光的主要成就反映在学术上。其中最大的贡献，莫过于主持编写《资治通鉴》。宋神宗熙宁年间，司马光强烈反对王安石变法，上疏请求外任。熙宁四年（1071年），他判西京御史台，自此居洛阳十五年，不问政事。

这段悠游的岁月，司马光主持编撰了294卷近400万字的编年体史书《资治通鉴》。司马光的独乐园，既是他的寓所，也是《资治通鉴》书局所在地。这里环境幽美，格调简素，反映了园主的情趣和追求。其书局在汴京时已奉诏成立，除了司马光之外，当时的著名学者刘恕、刘攽和范祖禹都参与了书局的工作。

其中，司马光任主编，刘恕、刘攽、范祖禹为协修，司马光的儿子司马康担任检阅文字的工作。司马光来洛阳后，便把《资治通鉴》书局由汴梁迁到洛阳。在独乐园中常住的不仅有书局的工作人员，当时洛阳的名贤如二程、邵雍、文彦博等也常来此聚会，堪称是一个学术中心。

百度百科—司马光砸缸

百度百科—司马光

急需“牛郎织女”故事的英文翻译

塞翁失马

战国时期，靠近北部边城，住着一个老人，名叫塞翁。

塞翁养了许多马，一天，他的马群中忽然有一匹走失了。

邻居们听说这件事，跑来安慰，劝他不必太着急，年龄大了，多注意身体。

塞翁见有人劝慰，笑了笑说：“丢了一匹马损失不大，没准会带来什么福气呢。”

邻居听了塞翁的话，心里觉得很好笑。

马丢了，明明是件坏事，他却认为也许是好事，显然是自我安慰而已。

过了几天，丢失的马不仅自动返回家，还带回一匹匈奴的骏马。

邻居听说了，对塞翁的预见非常佩服，向塞翁道贺说：“还是您有远见，马不仅没有丢，还带回一匹好马，真是福气呀。”

塞翁听了邻人的祝贺，反而一点高兴的样子都没有，忧虑地说：“白白得了一匹好马，不一定是什么福气，也许惹出什么麻烦来。”

邻居们以为他故作姿态纯属老年人的狡猾。

心里明明高兴，有意不说出来。

?塞翁有个独生子，非常喜欢骑马。

他发现带回来的那匹马顾盼生姿，身长蹄大，嘶鸣嘹亮，膘悍神骏，一看就知道是匹好马。

他每天都骑马出游，心中洋洋得意。

?一天，他高兴得有些过火，打马飞奔，一个趔趄，从马背上跌下来，摔断了腿。

邻居听说，纷纷来慰问。

?塞翁说：“没什么，腿摔断了却保住性命，或许是福气呢。

”邻居们觉得他又在胡言乱语。

他们想不出，摔断腿会带来什么福气。

?不久，匈奴兵大举入侵，青年人被应征入伍，塞翁的儿子因为摔断了腿，不能去当兵。

入伍的青年都战死了，唯有塞翁的儿子保全了性命。

Near China's northern borders lived a man well versed in the practices of Taoi *** . His horse, for no reason at all, got into the territory of the northern tribes. Everyone miserated with him.

"Perhaps this will soon turn out to be a blessing," said his father.

After a few months, his animal came back, leading a fine horse from the north. Everyone congratulated him.

"Perhaps this will soon turn out to be a cause of misfortune," said his father.

Since he was well-off and kept good horses his son became fond of riding and eventually broke his thigh bone falling from a horse. Everyone miserated with him.

"Perhaps this will soon turn out to be a blessing," said his father.

One year later, the northern tribes started a big invasion of the border regions. All able-bodied young men took up arms and fought against the invaders, and as a result, around the border nine out of ten men died. This man's son did not join in the fighting because he was crippled and so both the boy and his father survived.

关于秦始皇的故事翻译为英语

Chinese Valentine''s Day

Romantic legend

The legend has been handed down for nearly 2 millennia. The story has been recorded as far back as the Jin Dynasty (256-420 AD). Poets composed hundreds of verses on the love story and many types of Chinese opera tell the story.

The Chinese people believe that the star Vega（织女星）, east of the Milky Way, is Zhi Nu and, at the constellation of Aquila（天鹰座）, on the western side of the Milky Way, Niu Lang waits for his wife.

Zhi Nu was said to be the youngest of seven daughters of the Queen of Heaven. With her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while Niu Lang was a poor orphan cowherd, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife.

Niu Lang lamented over his lonely and poor life with an old cow, his only friend and companion. The magical cow kindly told him of a way to find a beautiful and nice woman as his life companion.

Under the direction of the cow, Niu Lang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe.

He took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. When the fairies left the water, the youngest couldn''t find her clothes and had to see her sisters fly back to heaven without her.

Then Niu Lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, Zhi Nu, to stay with him.

Several years passed on Earth, which were only a few days in heaven. Niu Lang and Zhi Nu lived happily together and had two children before the Queen of Heaven discovered Zhi Nu''s absence.

She was so annoyed she had Zhi Nu brought back to heaven. Seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, Niu Lang was terrified. He caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. The magical cow had told him before dying of old age: "Keep the cowhide（牛皮） for emergency use."

Putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children.

With the help of the cowhide, Niu Lang was able to follow Zhi Nu into heaven. He was about to reach his wife when the Queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. The line became the Silver River in heaven, or the Milky Way.

Zhi Nu went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. But she was so sad, and missed her husband across the Silver River so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. Finally, the Queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the Silver River.

Well-known poem

One of the most famous poems about the legend was written by Qin Guan of in the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

Fairy Of The Magpie Bridge

Among the beautiful clouds,

Over the heavenly river,

Crosses the weaving maiden.

A night of rendezvous,

Across the autumn sky.

Surpasses joy on earth.

Moments of tender love and dream,

So sad to leave the magpie bridge.

Eternal love between us two,

Shall withstand the time apart.

(Translated by Kylie Hsu)

鹊桥仙

宋·秦观

织云弄巧

飞星传恨

银汉迢迢暗度

金风玉露一相逢

便胜却人间无数

柔情似水

佳期如梦

忍顾鹊桥归路

两情若是久长时

又岂在朝朝暮暮

Compared with love stories in Western legends, the story of Niu Lang and Zhi Nu seems not as intense or passionate. Love doesn''t kill or break up the barrier between them. They just wait patiently on the riverbank, believing that their love can withstand their time apart.

It is faith and emotional liaison instead of physical attraction and desire that is emphasized in the story as well as in many other Chinese folktales（民间故事） about love.

In only a few Chinese folk love stories can be found a description of the physical appearances of the hero and heroine.

In the "Butterfly Lovers", the heroine, dressed as a boy to attend school, falls in love with a classmate. After they have lived together as classmates for years, the hero did not have the slightest clue that his best friend is actually a girl!

Chinese ceremonies

The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the only Chinese festival devoted to love in the Lunar calendar.

Unlike St. Valentine''s Day in Western countries there is not so much emphasis on giving chocolates, flowers and kisses. Instead, Chinese girls prepare fruits, melons and incense（熏香） as offerings to Zhi Nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft（裁缝）, as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands.

In the evening, people sit outdoors to observe the stars. Chinese grannies would say that, if you stand under a grapevine, you can probably overhear what Zhi Nu and Niu Lang are talking about.

中文：相传，秦始皇原是天上一条草龙。因争强好斗，和真龙赌行云布雨的本事，结果斗输了，从半天云上掉了下来，变成一条大鱼，直挺挺地摔在地上的一条河岸上动弹不得。

当地老百姓不知它是天上的草龙，以为它是海水落潮时没来得及逃走的一条大鱼，于是三五成群的人们，这个锯块鱼头，那个割片鱼肉，就把它给分吃了，把鱼骨鱼刺扔得个七零八落。

这条草龙被粉身碎骨后，魂难附体，满腹怨气地上天告状。玉帝说：“这全怪你生性好斗，今索性把你贬下凡尘，到人间爱怎么斗就怎么斗去吧。”于是，这条草龙便叩头谢恩，出南天门，降落到人间。

当时，天下正处于七国争雄的荒乱年代，秦始皇来到人间，特别高兴，这正是争强赌胜的大好时机。

同时，天下诸侯割据，又触痛了他从心事，他咬牙切齿地说：“割锯（据）割锯！当年割锯得我还不够么？”于是他挥刀灭掉了齐、楚、燕、韩、赵、魏六国，结束了诸侯割据局面，统一了中国，成了中国历史上第一个封建皇帝。

秦始皇做了皇帝后，出游全国，他来到边塞，看到了秦始皇调集了几十万人马，北伐胡人。

其实，卢生根本没有见过什么神仙，只不过是用谎言去骗取秦始皇的金银而已。

这下，胡人可倒霉了。他们没有任何准备，秦国的兵将一到，他们弃下草原和牛羊，逃到别的地方去了。

胡人被打跑了，秦始皇还怕“胡灭秦”。因为秦国无故去打胡人，胡人一定要报仇。为了阻挡和防卫胡人兴兵复仇，秦始皇下令，修一座坚固的长城，以挡匈奴犯边。

就这样万里长城开始修建了。英文：According to legend, Qin Shi Huang was originally a grass dragon in heaven. Aggressive because of gaining the upper hand, and the real dragon gambling line cloth rain clouds the ability, the results that loses, from the half fell out of the cloud into a big fish fell to the ground flat on a river bank could not move.

I do not know the local people it is the grass the sky dragon, thought it was low tide when the water had time to escape a big fish, so small groups of people, it saw blocks of the head, the cut pieces of fish, put it to the sub eat to throw a fish bone fish bone to pieces.

This grass dragon was destroyed, the soul possessed difficult, full of resentment on the ground day to complain. Jade Emperor said: "This whole blame you naturally aggressive, you simply demoted under this mundane world to the world how love how to fight, go fight." So, this grass will kowtow to Shane Long, was alarmed, falling to the earth .

At that time, the world is in turmoil at the age of seven countries for hegemony of the emperor came to earth, particularly pleased, this is a golden opportunity to win gambling gaining the upper hand.

Also, relive the world, but also from the mind of his tenderness, his teeth and said: "cutting saw (it) cut saws! Then cut I saw was not it?" Then he brandished a knife and exterminate the Qi, Chu, Yan , Han, Zhao, Wei six countries over relive the situation, the unification of China, became the first feudal emperor in Chinese history.

After Emperor Qin Shi Huang did, traveling the country, he came to Frontier, saw the emperor mobilized hundreds of thousands of horses, the Northern Expedition barbarian.

In fact, Lu Sheng did not seen any gods, but with a lies to cheat the emperor's gold and silver only.

This time, the barbarian may be out of luck. They do not have any preparation, Qin's soldiers will arrive, they abandoned under the grasslands and cattle, to flee somewhere else.

Beats off the barbarian is the emperor still afraid, "Hu Mieqin." Qin no reason to play because of the barbarian, the barbarian must take revenge. In order to stop the revenge and defense Huren Xing Bing, Qin Shi Huang ordered the repair of a solid Great Wall to keep out the Huns made edge.

Thus began the Great Wall built

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